• Actions in
goodness, passion and ignorance
• Action, Forbidden
Action and Inaction
• Fruitive Action -
was destroyed by perfect knowledge
• Modes of nature
force one to action
• Do not desire the
fruits of your activities
• Activities
• Air,
Anger, Anxiety, Atheists
• Attachment
•
Birth
• Brahma
• Brahman
• Qualities of brahmanas
• Charity
Actions in goodness, passion and
ignorance
As for actions, that action in accordance with duty,
which is performed without attachment, without love or hate, by one who
has renounced fruitive results, is called action in the mode of goodness.
But action performed with great effort by one seeking to gratify his
desires, and which is enacted from a sense of false ego, is called action
in the mode of passion. And that action performed in ignorance and
delusion without consideration of future bondage or consequences, which
inflicts injury and is impractical, is said to be action in the mode of
ignorance. (B.G. 18.23-25)
Even the intelligent are bewildered in determining what is action and what is inaction. Now I shall explain to you which action is, knowing which you shall be liberated from all sins. The intricacies of action are very hard to understand. Therefore one should know properly what inaction is, what forbidden action is, and what inaction is. One who sees inaction in action, and action in inaction, is intelligent among men, and he is in the transcendental position, although engaged in all sorts of activities. (B.G. 4.16-18)
Fruitive Action - was destroyed by perfect knowledge
One is understood to be in full knowledge whose every act is devoid of desire for sense gratification. He is said by sages to be a worker whose fruitive action is burned up by the fire of perfect knowledge. Abandoning all attachment to the results of his activities, ever satisfied and independent, he performs no fruitive action, although engaged in all kinds of undertakings. (B.G. 4.19-21)
Modes of Nature force one to action
a) All men are forced to act helplessly according to the impulses born of the modes of material nature; therefore no one can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment. (B.G. 3.5)
b) If you donot act according to My direction and do not fight, then you will be falsely directed. By your nature, you will have to be engaged in warfare. Under illusion you are now declining to act according to My direction. But, compelled by your own nature, you will act all the same. (Krishna says to Arjuna in (B.G 18.59-60)
Do not Desire the Fruits of your Activities
a) One who neither hates nor desires the fruits of his activities is known to be always renounced. Such a person, liberated from all dualities, easily overcomes material bondage and is completely liberated. (B.G. 5.3)
b) When the embodied living being controls his nature and mentally renounces all actions, he resides happily in the city of nine gates (the material body), neither working nor causing work to be done. (B.G. 5.13) (the body consists of nine gates: two eyes, two nostrils, two ears, one mouth, the anus and the genital)
Activities
Activities performed by the body
One who can see that all activities are performed by the body, which is created of material nature, and sees that the self does nothing, actually sees. (B.G.13.30)
Activities known by the devotees of Krishna
Intelligent persons who are endeavouring for liberation from old age and death take refuge in Me in devotional service. They are actually Brahman because they entirely know everything about transcendental and fruitive activities (B.G. 7.29)
Material nature as cause of activities
Nature is said to be the cause of all material activities and effects, whereas the living entity is the cause of the various sufferings and enjoyments in this world.
(B.G. 13.21)
Activities of demons and atheists baffled
Those who are bewilered are attracted by demoniac and atheistic views. In that deluded condition, their hopes for liberation, their fruitive activities, and their culture of knowledge are all defeated. (B.G. 9.12)
Activities performed as duty
All these activities should be performed without any expectation of result. They should be peformed as a matter of duty. That is My final opinion (B.G. 18.6)
Results of activities to be given up
To give up the results of all activities is called renunciation (tyaga) by the wise. And that state is called the renounced order of life (sannyasa) by great learned men. Some learned men declare that all kinds of fruitive activities should be given up, but there are yet other sages who maintain acts of sacrifice, charity and penance should never be abandoned. (B.G. 18. 2-3)
Success by contribution to spiritual activities
A person who is fully absorbed in Krishna consciousness is sure to attain the spiritual kingdom because of his full contribution to spiritual activities, in which the consummation is absolute and that which is offered is of the same spiritual nature. (B.G. 4.24)
Air, Anger, Atheists
Air
As one of eight separated
energies
Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and
false ego - altogether these eight comprise My separated material
energies
(B.G. 7.4)
Anger
Anger as cause of
delusion
While contemplating the objects of the senses, a person
develops attachment for them, and from such attachment lust develops, and
from lust anger arises. From anger, delusion arises, and from delusion
bewilderment of memory. When memory is bewildered, intelligence is lost,
and when intelligence is lost, one falls down again into the material
pool. (B.G. 2.62-63)
Anger as
one of demoniac qualities
Arrogance, pride, anger, conceit,
harshness and ignorance - these qualities belong to those of demoniac
nature. (B.G. 16.4)
Anger as
gate leading to hell
There are three gates leading to this hell
- lust, anger, and greed. Every sane man should give these up, for they
lead to the degradation of the soul. (B.G.
16.21)
Anxiety
Demons filled with anxiety
The demoniac believe that
to gratify the senses unto the end of life is the prime necessity of human
civilization. Thus there is no end to their anxiety. (B.G.
16.11)
One dear to Krishna not disturbed by
anxiety
He for whom no one is put into difficulty and who is not
disturbed by anxiety, who is steady in happiness and distress, is very
dear to Me. (B.G.12.15)
Atheists
Those who are bewilered are attracted by
demoniac and atheistic views. In that deluded condition, their hopes for
liberation, their fruitive activities, and their culture of knowledge are
all defeated. (B.G. 9.12)
a) Be steadfast in yoga. Perform your duty and abandon all attachment to success or failure. Such evenness of mind is called yoga. (B.G. 2.48)Action without attachment
b) One who is not disturbed in spite of the threefold miseries, who is not elated when there is happiness, and who is free from attachment, fear and anger, is called a sage of steady mind.
(B.G. 2.56)
c) Abandoing all attachment to the results of his activities, ever satisfied and independent, he performs no fruitive action, although engaged in all kinds of undertakings. (B.G. 4.20)
Without being attached to the fruits of activities, one should act as a matter of duty; for by working without attachment, one attains the Supreme. (B.G.3.19)
One without attachment fixed in knowledge
He who is without attachment, who does not rejoice when he obtains good, nor lament when he obtains evil, is firmly fixed in perfer knowledge. (B.G. 2.57)
Attachemt overcome by regulations
One who can control his senses by practising the regulated principles of freedom can obtain the complete mercy of the Lord and thus become free from all attachment and aversion. (B.G. 2.64)
Attachment to sense objects
While contemplating the objects of the senses, a person develops attachment for them, and from such attachment lust develops, and from lust anger arises. From anger, delusion arises, and from delusion bewilderment of memory. When memory is bewildered, intelligence is lost, and when intelligence is lost, one falls down again into the material pool. (B.G. 2.62-63)
Birth
Birth among demoniac species
Attaining repeated birth amongst the species of demoniac life, such persons can never approach Me. Gradually they sink down to the most abominable type of existence. (B.G. 16.20)
Brahman as source of birth
The total substance, called Brahman, is the source of birth, and it is that Brahman that I impregnate, making possible the births of all living beings. It should be understood that all species of life are made possible by birth in this material nature, and that I am the seed-giving father (B.G. 14.3-4)
Birth cannot be remembered by Arjuna
Many, many births both you and I have passed. I can remember all of them, but you cannot.(B.G.4.5)
Birth conquered by mind establishing in equanimity
Those whose minds are established in sameness and equanimity have already conquered the conditions of birth and death. They are flawless like Brahman, and thus they are already situated in Brahman. (B.G.5.19)
Freedom from birth by transcending modes
When the embodied being is able to transcend those three modes (goodness, passion and ignorance), he can become free from birth, death, old age and their distress and can enjoy nectar even in this life. (B.G.14.20)
Unsuccessful yogi's birth
The unsuccessful yogi, after many, many years of enjoyment on the planets of the pious living entities, is born into a family of righteous people or into a family of rich aristocracy. Or he takes his birth in a family of transcendentalists who are surely great in wisdom. Verily, such a birth is rare in this world. On taking such a birth, he again revives the divine consciousness of his previous life, and he tries to make further progress in order to achieve complete success. By virtue of the divine consciousness of his previous life, he became automatically attracted to the yogic principles - even without seeking them. Such an inquisitive transcendentalist, striving for yoga, stands always above the ritualistic principles of the scriptures. (B.G. 6.41-45)
Birth's certainty and unity with death:
For one who has taken his birth, death is certain; and for one who is dead, birth is certain.(B.G. 2.27)
No birth in spiritual world:
From the highest planet in the material world down to the lowest, all are places of misery wherein repeated birth and death take place. But one who attains My abode never takes birth again. (B.G.8.16)
Brahma
Calculation of Brahma's lifetime : By human calculation a thousand ages taken together is the duration of Brahma's one day. And such also is the duration of Brahma's one day. And such also is the duration of his night. When Brahma's entities comes into being, and at the arrival of Brahma's night they are all annihilated. (B.G. 14.27)
Brahman
Brahman as constitutional position of ultimate happiness
:
I am the basis of the impersonal Brahman, which is the constiutuional position of ultimate happiness, and which is immortal, imperishable and eternal
Brahman as origin of merging Persons learned in the Vedas, who utter omkara and who are great sages in the renounced order, enter into Brahman
(B.G. 8.11)
Qualities of brahmanas
Brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas and sudras are distinguished by their qualities of work in accordance with the modes of nature. Peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, tolerance, honesty, wisdom, knowledge and religiousness - these are the qualities by which the brahmanas work. (B.G. 18.41-42)
Charity
Charity according to three modes:
That gift which is given out of duty, at the proper time and place, to a worthy person, and without mode of goodness. But charity performed with the expectation of some return, or with a desire for fruitive results, or in a grudging mode, is said to be charity in the mode of passion. And charity performed at an improper place and time and given to unworthy persons without respect and with contempt is charity in the mode of ignorance
(B.G. 17.20-22)
